Solventum™ Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs) Classification System

Solventum CRGs describe the health status and burden of illness of individuals in an identified population. The optional inclusion of Solventum™ Functional Status Groups (FSGs) Classification System supplements Solventum CRGs when individuals have limitations in performing the activities of daily living.

As a clinically credible and robust measure of individual and population health status, Solventum CRGs can be used by payers, managed care organizations (MCOs), hospitals, disease management and similar firms, researchers from academic and government organizations, and anyone else who seeks to understand or manage population-wide patterns of utilization, cost and quality.

Here are a few examples of how Solventum CRGs can bring value to customers:

• Case mix adjustment in capitation payment. Solventum CRGs build the foundation for fair payment to MCOs and other entities responsible for population health management. Because Solventum CRGs are clinically based, they link the clinical and financial aspects of care. Since 2008, New York Medicaid has used Solventum CRGs to adjust for case mix in MCO capitation rates.
  
• Risk adjustment in quality measurement and payment incentives. An increasing number of commercial and Medicaid payers measure the performance of MCOs, primary care practices and other entities by using Solventum PPAs, Solventum PPVs and/or Solventum PPSs. Adjustment for differences in population health status is essential and done using Solventum CRGs.
  
• Tracking disease progression. Solventum researchers published an analysis showing how incentives could be created to reward MCOs that do a good job managing the progression of chronic diseases over time. Separately, the Health Quality Council of Alberta used Solventum CRGs to measure the progression of diabetes in the provincial population.
• Understanding pediatric health status. Solventum CRGs are a common measure of health status for children with complex health needs, as evidenced by multiple studies published in peer-reviewed journals.
• Patient alerts at the point of care. During an office visit, some clinicians in New York state can see a dashboard that shows a patient’s current and previous Solventum CRG assignment, recent potentially preventable events and identification if the patient has "persistent high needs."
  
• Defining episodes. Solventum CRGs are used in defining episodes of care in the Solventum™ Patient-focused Episodes (PFEs) Classification System.

Solventum CRG grouping logic is the same for every user, although different organizations may use different versions (the most recent version is recommended). Each user makes their own decisions about appropriate use, including population profiling, risk adjustment and capitation rate formulas and amounts. At this time, Solventum does not offer software that emulates Solventum CRG assignment and pricing used by specific payers.

Solventum CRGs are integrated with these other Solventum patient classification systems:

• Solventum FSGs can be combined with Solventum CRGs to more fully describe the health status of individuals who face challenges in activities of daily living. Solventum FSGs use data from the Medicare Minimum Data Set, OASIS or IRF-PAI assessment instruments to assign individuals to one of nine Solventum FSGs. Solventum CRG software including Solventum FSGs are licensed and provided together.
• Solventum™ Population-focused Preventables (PFPs) Classification System uses Solventum CRGs to risk adjust the incidence of PFPs across different populations so that comparisons fairly reflect differences in population health status. Solventum PPAs, Solventum PPVs and Solventum PPSs are licensed together as the Solventum PFPs bundle.
• Solventum PFEs incorporate Solventum CRG information to help define population episodes and measure a patient’s chronic disease burden at the beginning of an episode.

Solventum CRGs are also at work in several Solventum solutions, including:

• Solventum™ Core Grouping Software (CGS)
• Solventum™ Grouper Plus Content Services (GPCS)
• Solventum™ Data-to-Action (DTA) Solution

Licensees of the Solventum CRG software can access the following documents on the Solventum customer support website:

• Solventum CRG Methodology Overview
• Solventum CRG Definitions Manual
• Summary of Changes for Solventum CRG
• Solventum CRG Relative Weights (Excel spreadsheet)
• Solventum CRG Installation and User Manual (technical guide)

The unit of analysis is a person eligible for healthcare coverage. All data required to assign a Solventum CRG are routinely collected by standard claims processing systems. Required data come from institutional and professional claims (i.e., the UB-04 and CMS-1500 paper forms and their corresponding X12N 837 electronic formats). When available, pharmacy data in NCPDP format are desirable.

The development of Solventum CRGs was greatly influenced by the success of Medicare payment for inpatient hospital care using diagnosis related groups (DRGs), first implemented in 1983. While the DRG unit of analysis is an inpatient hospital stay, the Solventum CRG unit of analysis is an individual within an identified population. Like DRGs, Solventum CRGs comprise a comprehensive set of mutually exclusive and clinically coherent groups. A fundamental distinction between the two methodologies is that DRGs classify a single encounter at a point in time while Solventum CRGs classify the individual and all of their healthcare services within an extended period of time.

A second distinction is that Solventum CRGs can be used either prospectively or concurrently. Prospectively, the Solventum CRG assignment is used to predict healthcare utilization costs for a future period that immediately follows the historical analysis data period. Concurrently, the Solventum CRG assignment reflects healthcare utilization and costs for the period concurrent with the historical analysis data period. Solventum CRGs provide healthcare planners, managers and clinicians a meaningful basis for evaluating the processes of care, the outcomes and the associated financial impacts.

As a categorical clinical model, Solventum CRGs differ from most other population risk-adjustment methodologies, which are statistical methods developed with regression analysis. Regression models produce a numeric score for each individual, but this score has minimal communication and management value. Regression models can do a good job explaining the past, but they do a poor job giving clinicians and managers actionable information needed to improve the future.

Solventum (formerly 3M Health Care) first released Solventum CRGs in 2000. The methodology was published in the prestigious journal Medical Care in 2004. In 2006, the U.S. government awarded Solventum a patent for Solventum CRGs. In 2008, New York state adopted Solventum CRGs for use in calculating capitation payment rates to Medicaid MCOs. Solventum CRG v2.0 was released in 2016, v2.1 in 2018 and v2.2 in 2021. In v2.2, there are more than 360 base CRG groups and more than 1,300 total concurrent model risk groups including severity levels (the count differs slightly depending on the prospective or concurrent models). For example, Solventum CRG 70602 is used for a person with congestive heart failure, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The first digit indicates that this person is in Health Status Group 7, Dominant Chronic Disease in Three or More Organ Systems. There are 10 Health Status Groups, ranging from group 0/1 (nonuser/healthy) to group 9 for catastrophic conditions such as renal dialysis and major organ transplants. The next three digits (060) indicate that this patient has the combination of heart failure, diabetes and COPD, and may have other conditions as well. The final digit (2) indicates that of all the people in base Solventum CRG 7060, this individual is severity 2. For most chronic base Solventum CRGs, there are four or six severity levels.

For each Solventum CRG, a relative weight indicates the typical healthcare costs for this Solventum CRG relative to the average individual in the population (given the benefits covered, utilization levels and payer policies). For example, in v2.2 Solventum calculated a Solventum CRG 70602 relative weight in a Medicare population, indicating that individuals in this Solventum CRG for that population are more expensive than average. We should note that Solventum CRG licensees are responsible for choosing or calculating Solventum CRG relative weights as appropriate for their population and purpose. (Solventum consultants are available to assist licensees with Solventum CRG analysis.)

With more than 1,300 individual Solventum CRGs compared with as few as 10 Health Status Groups, Solventum CRGs are very flexible. To enable analysts and other licensees to fit the Solventum CRG methodology to their specific needs, Solventum provides three levels of aggregated Solventum CRGs (ACRGs). Each level provides fewer categories while maintaining key clinical detail and severity information.

Solventum CRG clinical logic is maintained by a team of Solventum clinicians, data analysts, nosologists, programmers and economists. The logic is proprietary to Solventum but is available for licensees to view in an online definitions manual. The classification system is updated annually to reflect changes in the standard diagnosis and procedure code sets as well as Solventum enhancements to the Solventum CRG clinical logic.